GENDER FLUIDITY IN JAPANESE ARTS AND CULTURE: Critical Essays

Edited by Dean Conrad and Sayuri Hirano (平野早百合)

A volume of essays by international scholars, examining gender fluidity across various Japanese arts and cultural pursuits, including: early writing, poetry, novels, manga, theatre, photography, cinema, television, anime, drag culture and more – encompassing the following categories: Literary Arts, Theatre Arts, Screen Arts and Pop Arts & Culture.


Published by McFarland, USA
Published February 2025

CHAPTER LIST

Written in English by scholars bringing perspectives from America, Scotland, The Netherlands, England, Italy, and Japan.

ROBERT ONO, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

(En)gendering Literature: 'Tosa Nikki', or Where Writing Begins

An account of the ‘gendering’ of Japan’s early writing, including the first major work in hiragana, Tosa Nikki, which was written by a man pretending to be a woman. This is a spiritual touchstone for the work that follows in this volume.

MASAHO KUMAZAWA, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan

Disturbing Gender Norms: Yasunari Kawabata's 'Otome no Minato' and Translations of 'Torikaebaya Monogatari'

Readings of a number of works that straddle the Second World War. Examining developments around this tumultuous period of US influence, national healing and cultural renewal, this chapter draws a line between WWII and the present.

YUJI KATO, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan

Almost Transparent Blues: Postwar Years, Deconstruction of the Male Self, and the Transformations of Gender Relations in the Cultures of the 1970s

An account of developments in Japanese arts and society that led to what might be defined as ‘the modern era’. Close readings of specific texts, with reference to literature, anime, manga, popular music and international contexts.

LETIZIA GUARINI, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan

Trans Bodies and Gender Fluid Fatherhood in Contemporary Japanese Literature

Japanese society’s developing attitudes and approaches to transgender issues are brought into focus in close readings of recent novels that challenge their readers' assumptions about parenting.

HELEN PARKER, University of Edinburgh, Scotland

Transcending the Traditional: Developments in Contemporary Kabuki

An account of the female-role (onnagata) in this usually all-male, traditional theatrical form, alongside an examination of changes resulting from modern professional and amateur practices – not least the arrival of ‘ultra kabuki’.

ZUZANNA BARANIAK-HIRATA, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan

Otokoyaku in Drag: Moving Beyond a Gender Role Binary in the Takarazuka Revue

This all-female troupe – developed originally as a result of female bans on the traditional stage (including kabuki) – is now finding that its own male-role (otokoyaku) traditions are being eroded by contemporary practices and politics.

MICHAEL FURMANOVSKY, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan

A "beautiful woman in men's clothes:" Takiko Mizunoe and the Development of Cross-Dressing in Pre-war Japanese Entertainment

Star of the Shōchiku Girls’ Revue – a Takarazuka rival – this stage performer and early cinema actress developed a new mode of cross-gender representation in trans-war Japan’s entertainment industry – and gained many female fans.

NAOKI KAMBE, Hirosaki Gakuin University, Japan

The Politics of Trans Visibility in Japanese Film: Close-Knit and Midnight Swan

What does it mean to be 'seen’? These contemporary films move representations of transgender people away from the realms of the ‘comic’ or ‘pathological’ and towards more enlightened and understanding modes.

WILLIAM SHRAGE, Independent Scholar, Netherlands

Female Kings and Feminized Warships: Moefication in the 'Fate' and 'Kantai Collection' Media Mixes

Exploring gender fluid character representations that meet the needs of ardent fans (otaku) of mixed media franchises such as 'Kantai Collection', which spans gaming (PC and RPG), animemanga and movies.

NINA ŽDANOVIČ, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Drag in Japan: Contemporary Perpectives

An interview-based account exploring links between Japanese theatrical cross-dressing cultures, from kabuki and the Takarazuka Revue to cosplay and a contemporary Tokyo drag scene inspired by RuPaul’s Drag Race and Dragula.

FEDERICA CAVAZZUTI, Turin University, Italy

Gender Beyond Boundaries: The Work of Sudo Ayano

An account of women's struggles in a male-dominated medium, with a focus on a contemporary female photographer who creates multi-layered identities that morph through female and male to non-binary and beyond.

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